Drunk Comparison :: Essays Papers

Drunk Comparison After around two hours in a bar the way I carry myself is definitely different from the time I walked in. I’ve never considered myself much of a drinker, especially before I came to college. I had never appreciated the way beer had tasted, or it could have been only because I was exposed to some of the more disgusting ones. When I lived in my hometown only a few months earlier I attended tons of parties. Most of them were always hosted by the fellow alcoholic teenagers, and supplied the cheapest beer they could get hold of. I can recall filling my cup with the foamy cold beer that poured from the tap, and sipping it for hours. â€Å"I just don’t like beer!† I would reply to my male friends when asked why I wasn’t drinking much. After a few hours at the party I would realize that I was the most sober one there. The first day I came to Fredonia, I went to check the bars out. I first drank a few beers I recognized and then asked around for the names of some mixed drinks. The first one I tried was a Blue Whale; I loved it. I figured; if one mixed drink tasted good I’m sure that others would too. Drinking had finally turned into something that was fun to me. Now after partying for a few hours, I was no longer the sober one in the group. On my way to a party or a bar I am completely sober. I am aware of the surroundings around me and am capable of walking in a straight line. When I speak, my language is pretty much perfect and everyone has a clear understanding of what I am trying to say. In my mind I know what is exactly going on and concentrating on something is easy. Knowing that I am on my way to a party or bar I tend to be excited. I am usually energetic and hyper; realizing that I will finally be having fun after all the work I had done during the week. As I continue to make my way to my destination I am aware that the way I feel and think will most likely change by the end of the night.

Animal and Color Symbolism in Harry Potter Series Essay

An Investigation of J.K. Rowling’s Utilization of Animal and Color Symbolism in Her Harry Potter Series Many consider symbolism the most important factor in comprehending the knowledgeable realm. â€Å"Symbols and metaphors extend into the realm of everyday language and figures of speech† (Biedermann VII). In turn, the Harry Potter novels of J.K. Rowling are extensively â€Å"philosophical† and symbolic (Bagget and Klein 3). Some believe that a civilization that is very advanced will keep records of important symbols (Biedermann VIII). Paralleling this statement, the civilization that J.K. Rowling creates is one â€Å"of menacing trolls and forbidden forests [that] haunts the bestseller lists week in and out, enthralling readers and leaving them hungry for more† (Bagget and Klein 1). Thus the question arises: In what ways and to what extent does J.K. Rowling incorporate animal and color symbolism into her Harry Potter series? Non-fiction animals that exist in reality, as well as in these novels, are utilized as symbols by J.K. Rowling. Owls often seem to be intelligent, tolerant, contemplative, ominous, and nocturnal. (249). Read more:  How many words in the harry potter series. These animals appear â€Å"frequently in the emblems of scholarly publishing houses and book stores† (250). According to Aeppli, cats are considered â€Å"the typically feminine animal[†¦] and females are known as being ‘more deeply rooted in the dark intuitive side of life than man with his simpler psyche’† (59-60). â€Å"The cat is tireless and cunning when going after its prey – the virtues’ of a good soldier† like Professor McGonagall (60). Of course, Rowling includes many super-natural figures. According to Albus Dumbledore, the Headmaster of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, â€Å"‘[p]hoenixes burst into flame when it is time for them to die and are reborn from the ashes’† (Rowling, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets 207). Dumbledore refers to the usual grandeur of the phoenix and his feathers of scarlet and gold, the colors of Gryffindor (Rowling, Chamber 207). The phoenix, often referred t o as the â€Å"firebird[,]† ignites itself centennially, perishes, and is reborn from the cinders. The phoenix globally embodies â€Å"immortality, death by fire, the sun, and resurrection† (Bruce-Mitford 31). In Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, Rowling describes â€Å"a dog that filled the whole space between ceiling and floor. It had three heads, three pairs of rolling mad eyes, [and] three noses, twitching and quivering in their direction† (Rowling, Stone 160). According to Hermione, the dog is blatantly protecting something, for it stands on a disguised door (Rowling, Stone 162). The three-headed dog mainly symbolizes reliability and awareness in mythology; it usually portrays a protector at the entrance to the world of the dead (97). Unicorns have come to signify wholesomeness and power (Biedermann 360). â€Å"According to medieval lore, a unicorn’s horn was a powerful antidote to poison† (28). Unicorns are described as â€Å"pure and incorruptible† (Bruce-Mitford 28). Rubeus Hagrid explains that unicorn blood has the ability to save any life – no matter how near to death – but at an awful cost, having killed an animal of its purity and lack of defense in a selfish manner (Rowling, Stone 258). Mythology, when describing the conception of the earth, depicts dragons as very primitive. The gods are called to overcome these dragons and eventually, their most important descendants become â€Å"dragon-slayers† (102). â€Å"In fairy tales and legends, slaying the dragon is a frequent test of the hero’s mettle† (Biedermann 102). As the dragons are being tended to in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, â€Å"torrents of fire [shoot] into the dark sky from their open, fanged, mouths, fifty feet above the ground on their outstretched necks† (Rowling, Goblet 326). In a Christian view, the dragon can represent the evil counterpart, usually a devil (Biedermann 103). Many main characters in this series are represented by the animals into which they can transform. Because of the rat’s reputation for soiling what is good and carrying sickness, it has become known as a follower of the â€Å"devil, demons, and witches† (279). Peter Pettigrew, a follower of Harry’s evil counter- part, spends many years disguised as a rat. Black dogs have been thought to be in partnership with doers of black magic, yet â€Å"only rarely do dogs appear in a negative light† (97). The Chinese mostly considered them guards against fiends (98). Dogs primarily have a reputation of â€Å"loyalty and vigilance† (97). These are qualities similar to those of Harry’s god-father Sirius Black. To Christians, a wolf is most often the rival endangering those who hold strong faith. Various fables of wolves resulting from murderous individuals exist. The word werewolf is exactly translated to â€Å"man-wolf† (387). As the Latin word for wolf is â€Å"lupus[,]† it is a great foreshadowing tool that the Hogwarts professor with the surname â€Å"Lupin† is in fact a werewolf (387). The first name of said professor, Remus, also seems too well suited to be of coincidence. It appears in â€Å"the Roman legend of the Capitoline wolf that was said to have nursed Romulus and Remus† (Biedermann 389). The deer has great significance in this series. Various older legends of Europe include adolescent females who are changed into does. It was a doe that â€Å"was said to have rescued fleeing Frankish warriors by showing a point at which they could ford the Main River† (Biedermann 97). In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Rowling describes â€Å"a silver-white doe, moon-bright and dazzling, picking her way over the ground† and Harry senses the â€Å"inexplicable familiarity† of this creature. His mother’s patronus, a symbol used to fight off evil creatures w ith a spell, was a doe identical to this one. Harry realizes that his patronus is inherited from his father when he casts his own spell and sees a stag with prominent antlers. This causes him to recall his father’s nickname, Prongs. (Rowling, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban 411) As the mascot of Slytherin House is a snake, it is reasonable that—as reported by an Christian passage, Physiologus—â€Å"the deer spits water into every crevice in which poisonous snakes are hiding; it thus spits them out and tramples them† (92). The deer has been seen as having skin that can act as a talisman to defeat snake poison, and antlers that can be powdered for protection against dark powers (92). Supposedly, â€Å"burnt deer horn drives away any snake† (Biedermann 93). The sorting hat, the judge of how each student is placed into a house, sings â€Å"‘[one] might belong in Hufflepuff, [w]here they are just and loyal, [t]hose patient Hufflepuffs are true [a]nd unafraid of toil’† (R owling, Stone 118). As Hufflepuff is somewhat of a misunderstood house, it is understandable that â€Å"yellow [the primary house color] gives some of the most mixed messages of all. It is the color of pulsating life—of corn and gold and angelic haloes—and it is also at the same time a color of bile, and in its sulphurous incarnation it is the color of the Devil† (Finlay 203). European opinion has dubbed the color cowardly, which coincides with the notion that Hufflepuff is quite inferior to the brave Gryffindor (Bruce-Mitford 107). Rubeus Hagrid states that â€Å"‘Everyone says Hufflepuff are a lot o’ duffers† (Rowling, Stone 80) According to Goethe and his color theory, yellow is â€Å"‘soft and merry’† but can easily become unpleasant (392). A badger—the Hufflepuff mascot—survives off the fat of its own body, which has turned it into a representation of iniquity corresponding to the bad representation of the Hufflepuff house. In the English language, the term â€Å"badgering† is synonymous to irritating (Biedermann 28). The unnerved new students are told that they could prosper â€Å"‘in wise old Ravenclaw, [i]f [they’ve] a ready mind, where those of wit and learning will always find their kind’† (Rowling, Stone 118). The House color blue is primarily known as a representation of â€Å"things of the spirit and the intellect† (Biedermann 44). In order to enter Ravenclaw’s chambers, one is asked to solve a problem. This encourages them to always seek knowledge, according to a Ravenclaw member (Rowling, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows 587). Usually, eagles—the house mascot—have favorable connotations. They consist of â€Å"energy, renewal, con templation, acuity of vision, [and] royal bearing† (Biedermann 108). Appropriately, the sorting hat also sings â€Å"[f]or Ravenclaw, the cleverest [will] always be the best† (Rowling, Goblet 177). The wise sorting hat advises new students that â€Å"‘perhaps in Slytherin [they’ll] make [their] real friends, [t]hose cunning folk use any means to achieve their ends’† (118). To Harry’s perception, the Slytherin members appear to be â€Å"an unpleasant lot† (Rowling, Stone 119). A serpent, the representative of Slytherin, originated from the ability of the house’s founder to speak to snakes, a trait that Harry shares (Rowling, Chamber 196). By the Chinese, snakes are considered hazardously cunning. They also believed that the possession of a snake skin signified that a person would become wealthy (312). A snake is capable of murder by biting and utilizing its poison (Biedermann 310). Snakes are often related to demise and disarray (Willis 250). Controlled by the returned Lord Voldemort, a basilisk is hidden deep inside Hogwarts Castle that â€Å"kills people by looking at them† (Rowling, Chamber 291). In the early Middle Ages, the basilisk was attributed with incredible deadly magic. It also, possessed a lethal â€Å"glance and touch† (Rowland 28). According to Moaning Myrtle, a ghost victim of the basilisk, it only takes the glance of a basilisk’s â€Å"‘big, yellow eyes’† to inflict death (Rowling, Chamber 299). In accordance to the beliefs of Christians, basilisks symbolize an evil spirit that can only be stopped by the bible (Rowland 28). Green, Slytherin’s primary color, can represent childishness. â€Å"Especially in English, the color is associated with negative emotions† such as â€Å"envy† and â€Å"jealousy† (Biedermann 159). At one point in time, there was a green color that was undisclosed in China except to the selected royal people. All that was disclosed was its origin of the color green (Finlay 245). This statement parallels the wish of Salazar Slytherin, the founder of the house, to be more particular when admitting students to the school (Rowling, Chamber, 150). The sorting hat declares that one â€Å"‘might belong in Gryffindor, [w]here dwell the brave at heart[.] Their daring nerve and chivalry set Gryffindors apart’† (Rowling, Stone 118). Primarily, red—Gryffindor’s main color—is a sign of â€Å"aggression, vitality and strength, associated with fire and symbolizing both love and mortal combat† (28). Red is commonly the most favored color to an individual (281). To Christians, red is synonymous to Christ’s sacrificed blood, those willing to die for Christ, and ardent affection (Biedermann 282). Upon the instruction of Dumbledore, Harry rotates the sword that previously helped him defeat Lord Voldemort, â€Å"the rubies blazing in the firelight[†¦] [T]hen he [sees] the name just below the hilt[,] Godric Gryffindor† (Rowling, Chamber 333). According to Aeppli, in a dream, red indicates that the dreamer is brave, or equipped to act. Cardinals wear red in order to indicate that they are ready to give up their lives for Christ (Biedermann 282). Accordingly, Harry willingly accepts that â€Å"all that [is] left [for him] [is] the thing itself: dying† to defeat Lord Voldemort (Rowling, Hallows 692). According to [I Peter 5:8]—for Alchemists—lions can represent sulfur, the chief element or â€Å"‘the red lion,’ for the finished ‘philosopher’s stone’† (Biedermann 210). The philosopher’s stone, as it was originally referred to, is â€Å"blood-red† (292). According to Hermione Granger, â€Å"‘Nicholas Flamel[,]’† an alchemist, â€Å"‘is the only known maker of the [Philosopher’s] Stone’† (Rowling, Stone 219). â€Å"In European Heraldry the lion[†¦] is usually red or gold, with its tongue and claws in a contrasting color† (Biedermann 210). After Gryffindor’s defeat of Slytherin for the house cup, â€Å"[i]n an instant, the green hangings became gold [the secondary color of Gryffindor house]; the huge Slytherin serpent vanished and a towering Gryffindor lion took its place† (Rowling, Stone 306). Indeed, symbols are amidst the assets of the world that are the most essential (Biedermann IX). Mostly, the human race doesn’t register the significance of these signs or even their existence (Bruce-Mitford 6). Yet, as J.K. Rowling utilizes them in her Harry Potter series, â€Å"[s]ymbols [†¦] enable people to bring the incomprehensible into the realm of the ta ngible, where they can deal with it† (Biedermann XII). Works Cited Baggett, David, and Shawn Klein. Harry Potter and Philosophy: If Aristotle Ran Hogwarts. Chicago, Ill.: Open Court, 2004. Print. Biedermann, Hans. Dictionary of Symbolism: Cultural Icons and the Meanings Behind Them. Trans. James Hulbert. New York: Meridian, 1992. Print. Bruce-Mitford, Miranda. The Illustrated Book of Signs and Symbols. New York: D.K., 1996. Print. Finlay, Victoria. Color: A Natural History of the Palette. New York: Ballentine, 2002. Print. Rowland, Beryl. Animals with Human Faces: A Guide to Animal Symbolism. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 1973, Print. Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. New York: Levine, 1999. Print. Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows. New York: Levine, 2007. Print. Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. New York: Levine, 2000. Print. Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. New York: Levine, 1999. Print. Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. New York: Levine, 1997. P rint. Willis, Roy G. Signifying Animals: Human Meaning in the Natural World. London: Unwin Hyman, 1990. Print.

1960s Diary Entries - 1561 Words

1960s Diary Entries Witness to the assassination of Malcolm X HIS 135 Dear Diary, I am one of many to witness the assassination of Malcolm X. On February 21, 1965 today we have lost a legacy. Malcolm X was a strong speaker, and was moved by many African Americans. He did so much to make us feel connected with our African American heritage. He would say the words that we would think but were scared to say. Malcolm X lost his life by the Nation of Islam; everyone is surrounded by questions of this fearless man’s death. The files The Files of Malcolm X, reveals The Smoking Guns in the FBI reports, which was dated for February 22, 1965, the files declares that Malcolm X had 10 gun shots penetrating to the chest, his thigh and†¦show more content†¦Even though Malcolm X received many death threats and even had his house set on fire on Feb. 14, 1965, a week before today. I still remember the interviews he gave â€Å"I’m a marked man. It doesn’t frighten me for myself as long as I felt they would not hurt my family†¦. No one can get out without trouble, and this thing with me will be resolved by death and violence.† He was brave, strong, and a true man. Who has touch hearts of many. He will always be remembered as a hero, who became a symbol of black pride and social protest. His legacy will be remembered by many and he will live on in history, for his messages he advocated for a majority of his public life. Malcolm X Is Assassinated by Black Muslims. (2012, February). , (), . Retrieved from http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/21/feb-21-1965-malcolm-x-is-assassinated-by-black-muslims/ 1970s Diary Entries An nurse serving in Vietnam HIS 135 Dear diary today is my first day as a nurse in Vietnam, I have to say that it not what I had expected. First off I expected to be in a big hospital building, with good equipment to work with. However I did not expect to work in small tents. There is very little room, and hard to move around with so many people. There are so many soldiers who are wounded, and can barely move. I have to say that this job is exhausting because more soldiers keep coming, some of the menShow MoreRelatedAssessment 2: Digger J. Jones Close Reading. Jackie Miller-1553 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment 2: Digger J. Jones Close reading Jackie Miller- MillerJA Digger J. Jones written by Richard J. Frankland (2007) is a historical fiction text written by a 11 year old character in a Diary s form .Set in 1967 during the Vietnam war is about the protagonist Digger J. Jones (D.J.J) and his experiences as an Australian aboriginal child during the time of the Vietnam war as well as during the national referendum. The select passage on pages 7-9 contains a letter from the main protagonistRead MoreRichard Frankland s Digger J. Jones1650 Words   |  7 Pagesexplore the narrative and language features and how they work to position the implied child reader. 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However, I would like to continue by presenting the argument that while literacy practices do offer opportunities for creativity at text level, the study and identification of creativity in literacy practices may be more productiveRead MoreCreativity in Literacy Practices2398 Words   |  10 Pagesbegins by discussing and exploring the premises of an analysis of creativity at text level following a textual approach to literacy and creativity; assessing the extent to which it is effective in identify creativity in literacy practices such as diaries, letters and graffiti. However , I would like to continue by presenting the argument that while literacy practices do offer opportunities for creativity at text level, the study and identification of creativity in literacy practices may be more productive

The Social Construction Of Gender - 957 Words

The society has regulations in which people have to obey making social life be structured. Society has expectations for people to live by. People tend to live up to the norms in order to feel part of the world. Individuals do not want to be judged and labeled, so unconsciously live by the roles that they believe their gender has to follow. Gender is socially constructed concept in which society acts upon. The family is the first to influence individuals to this idea. Gender has roles in which boys and girls are supposed to follow. Depending on one’s gender, they are expected to dress, behave, and act accordingly to either portray a masculine or feminine personality. These gender roles are implied by society and if individuals do not follow are seen as outcast. It is difficult for people to comply to these characteristics and roles because they might have different life experiences and situations that might influence to act other than their gender roles imply. The social construction of gender is composed of implicit and explicit rules that people are supposed to follow. In failing to live by these norms it leads to individuals to be labeled as dysfunctional. People unconsciously try to live by these rules because they want to be part of this social world and hope not to be identified as different. People learn these rules and expectation by interacting with one another. Individuals socializing get a better understanding of how one should act and behave. Scott ColtraneShow MoreRelatedGender And Social Construction Of Gender1230 Words   |  5 Pages‘Gender’ is a category used by all human beings to describe the state of being either male or female. Gender is often described as socially constructed which implies that it is something individuals may not be aware of. Through the social construction of a concept, meanings are created. 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As well as, cultural analysis of women globally. Lorber is one of many authors who wrote essays regarding gender for â€Å"Women’s Lives. Lorber argues gender constantly changes due to social interaction. A societyRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pagesownership of their bodies. The first article is â€Å"The Social Construction of Gender† by Judith Lorber. In this essay she states that sex and gender is constructed through the society in which we live and that, â€Å"Gender is so pervasive that in our society we assume it is bred into our genes† (Lorber, 64). Lorber’s article takes the standpoint that physical gender expression is such an important topic to individuals because when the conventions of gender are shifted, â€Å"we feel socially dislocated† (65). AnRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender989 Words   |  4 PagesRace is a system of categories put in place by society in order to make each individual fit into a certain social group. It is due to societies implementation of such a system that individuals in these racial categories do not always look at each other as equals, causing a race to not always identify themselves as a homogenous front. This essay will delve into the poetry of a popular Def Jam spoken word artist Black Ice, whose piece Bigger Than Mine looks into the dualism within Black society inRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender832 Words   |  4 PagesSex, as we have learned, refers to the physical and anatomical differences between males and females. These differences are biological and unambiguous. Gender on the other hand, refers to the aspects that influence each sex and make them distinct from a social standpoint, and each of us does gender constantly. The social construction of gender has caused controversy throughout the years, and has ultimately conceived one of the most contended topics in our society of late: feminism. Feminism refersRead MoreGender Is A Social Construction1213 Words   |  5 PagesS One cannot talk about social interactions in society without talking about gender. Gender is part of According to Macionis (2015), gender is â€Å"the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male†. Most societies only view gender as being either male or female. An individual must portray their gender correctly in order to be normal in society. Meaning a woman must act feminine and a man must act masculine. However, what happens when an individual chooses

Improving The Health Of The Population - 1559 Words

Should improving the health of the population be more important than that of the individual? This is the controversy that surrounds the idea of public health, and specifically, the life of Henrietta Lacks. Public health can be explained as the desire to do what is deemed necessary to keep society as a whole in a healthy state, by eliminating possible causes that may be leading to detrimental outcomes in the health of our nation. It is the research of cures, immunizations, quarantining, and raising public awareness in an effort to stop the spread of disease among the community. However, there is a large amount of gray area when it comes to what is right and wrong in terms of placing the health of the nation as a whole over the health†¦show more content†¦She received radiation treatments at John Hopkins’ hospital, however at this time, there was a disadvantage in being an African American, because it was unlikely you were given the same quality of treatment and car e as a Caucasian. When Henrietta’s cells were extracted from her cervix, she was not informed that a part of her body was being used for medical research. However at the time, there was little regulation regarding the ownership over one’s own body parts and tissue, so lawfully nothing was considered illegal. Although this would play hardly any role in the life of Henrietta, the toll it took on her family was quite large. The controversy of the HeLa cells revolved around the principle of ethics in public health. Since Henrietta’s cells were taken without permission from neither her nor her family, it is shown that there is a lack of regulation in the law that controls one’s ownership or lack there of over their tissues. Although at first this seemed to not be an issue, it deeply altered the lives of her descendants, even though it didn’t affect Henrietta directly while she was still alive. The emotions revolving around the feeling of immortalit y of Henrietta’s cells left some of her ancestors very uncomfortable with the fact that their mother, sister, wife, and aunt was being shipped around the

Wedding Day free essay sample

It all happened very quickly from the moment I was engaged to the moment we walked around the sacred circle on my wedding day. The wedding was put together in only ten days. I spent those ten days with my fiance and my future in-laws getting to know each other. We spent time visiting temples and shopping in preparation for the wedding. We shopped matching wedding dress. Our wedding dress was red and white color. I also spent much of that time with my family and many relatives from out of the town. I met so many people. There were over 2000 people that attend our two day wedding ceremonies. Almost everyone from our families to our friends helped celebrate. On that day I was very nervous to go front of my fiance but inside of my heart, I was very happy. I was going to start my new life. Not only were many of dreams coming true, but also I was fulfilling my father’s hopes. We will write a custom essay sample on Wedding Day or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He also wished that I settle in the United States for a better life. I will always remember the joy in my father’s eyes that day. While I was having the time of my life, a part of me was both sad and fearful. I was disappointed my older brother was unable to attend the biggest day of my life. He was living abroad and could not make the trip back because of immigration issues. I was also sad because I realized that I would need to leave for the US. I had always lived in our small village for my entire life. It meant that I was leaving my life behind. I had to leave my family, friends, and relatives. It was very difficult for me to pack up my life into two suitcases. I didn’t even know when I will come and see my family and friends again. I was also a bit scared to start my new life with my husband. I had only known him for a short time and his family members. With anything new, there is always fear of the unknown. Everything I knew was about to change. For example, new family members, new roles as wife, language, life-style and also new country. I even had to learn about the new culture. I didn’t cried much when I was leaving my family and friends on my wedding night than I cried when the final day came to going the airport and coming in the United States. I had cried a bunch when I left my country. On the other side, I was very excited about coming to the United States. It would be a beginning of new chapter of my life. Before coming into the United States, I had only seen how life would be on TV. I am very thankful to my parent. They are the one who think about my better future in the United States. I couldn’t wait to see all the amazing things United States is famous for like the statue of liberty, space center, and Disney world. I was very thrilled about meeting new people, making new friends, and trying new food. I was also anxious to start my married life. I wanted to be a perfect wife. I look forward to taking care of my husband and his family such as cooking, cleaning, and also help with some other works. I was very excited to meet his all friends and family friends. My wedding day was everything that had dreamed up. I went through many emotions such as happiness, sadness, and excitement. I have learned not to fear the unknown. Instead, I should embrace new opportunities. I continue to believe that things always come out for the best. I feel very bless for life. For my better life, I am thankful to my parent. In the end, it has been a most memorable and life changing event of my life.

The Ottoman military and political organization

The Ottoman army started in 1826 when Sultan Mahmud II destroyed the janissaries. His government was highly centralized with the Sultan as the top leader. Due to the empire’s expansion, administrative problems started. This forced the Sultan to adopt the European model for his military organization. The infantry corps and the trained victorious troops of Sultan were formed. Bostanci corps was changed to modern corps consisting of imperial guards.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Ottoman military and political organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Existing military units were modified to provide basic military services. The command structure was led by a commander in chief of the Mansure called ser asker who was based at Bab-i Ser Asker. He had power over the wars and general staff. This led to separation of powers where the military performed the executive functions and civil authorities took th e administration. However the Ottomans territory was subdivided into vilayet headed by a governor. The central government was composed of the House of Osman which included the Sultan and his staff (Avigdor 103). The chief adviser to the House of Osman was Grand Vizier and the noble class. In 1827, Mahmud II founded Military medical schools, renewed the military engineering schools and founded another officer school in 1834.This schools were under Russia and Britain instructors. Other services were provided by the Prussian military mission, which later grew from one to twelve officers between 1835 and 1837. Large military units with provincial militia as reserve forces were established in a move to strengthen the military. However, this was affected by disease outbreak which affected most of the recruits leading to desertion by the recruits. The highly developed army then became a poor organization. Many lives were lost in the wars with Russia and Egypt. This limited the progressive development of the army. Only 90,000men from all the services remained by the end of Sultan’s reign (Ralston 19). The commander in chief of the Mansure built the army afresh on the few structures left and established new departments between 1839–1876.In 1843 the army had regained its initial strength. Permanent territorial commanders consisting army corps were established. Field marshals were in charge of the territories and reported to the commander in chief. The provincial governors powers in military affairs were then reduced to centralized the power and give high authority to the commander in chief (Shaw 77). The military expanded further to five other Territorial Army corps based at Istanbul increasing the forces to about 250,000 men.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Abdà ¼laziz then took over and brought weapons and instructors from Germany to improve training. In 1855 he enrolled youths to schools to fight illiteracy. Many youths then became soldiers. They then played an important defeated them. Abdà ¼laziz reign extended between1861-1876(Ralston 89). The army expanded further to acquire modern weapons under Abdà ¼lhamit II who ruled between 1876 to1909.Although he was assisted by the German’s he became a dictator. He personally appointed and promoted officers in the army. Abdà ¼lhamit reign faced a lot of problems with the young educated officers with liberal ideas crying foul of his rule. They joined the Young Turk movement in 1908 and overthrew Abdà ¼lhamit. The Young Turk Revolution succeeded in establishing a constitutional government. During the World War I, it had grown to about 640,000 men who successfully fought in the war especially in Gallipoli and Iraq in1915 – 1916 and defending Anatolia from foreign invasions. The Ottoman’s rule the collapsed and the Turkish republic then took over (Shaw 56). Works Cited Av igdor, Levy. â€Å"The Officer Corps of Sultan Mahmud II’s New Ottoman Army, 1826 – 1839.† International Journal of Middle East Studies 2 (1971): 21 – 39. Print. Ralston, David. Importing the European Army: The Introduction of European Military Techniques and Institutions into the Extra-European World, 1600 – 1914. Chicagos, 2007. Print. Shaw, Stanford and Shaw, Ezel Kural. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Vol. 2: Reform, Revolution, and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey, 1808 – 1975. Cambridge, U.K., and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.Print. Robinson, Francis, Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World.Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press ,2009.PrintAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Ottoman military and political organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sowell, Kirk. The Arab World, an Illustrated History.New York: Hippocren e Books,2004. 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